Transport Mechanisms of Motile and Nonmotile <i>Phytophthora cactorum</i> Zoospores in Unsaturated Porous Media

نویسندگان

چکیده

Abstract Phytophthora is a genus of plant pathogens that infects vegetables, crops, ornamentals, and trees. diseases in soil are facilitated by the rapid dispersal zoospores, which come two different forms, is, motile biflagellate zoospores nonmotile encysted zoospores. However, little known about mechanisms controlling zoospore dispersal, especially under unsaturated flow natural soil. Hence, we investigated transport retention P. cactorum conditions inert sand, disturbed soil, undisturbed Transport carboxylate‐modified polystyrene microspheres sand was studied to compare abiotic particles. Similar microspheres, were affected pore straining, wedging, settling, fluid drag during due their large size (6–10 μ m). Decreased water saturation porous media reduced accessible space, enhancing Nonuniform Derjaguin‐Landau‐Verwey‐Overbeek calculations indicated unfavorable attachment both solid‐water interface, repulsion from air‐water interface. Microscopic visualizations showed bounced off swam randomly around root surfaces without being attached; however, they actively moved toward baits. Motile enhanced relative suggesting flagella helped avoid sites. The limited, acted as an effective filter confining top macropores can be conduit for deeper layers.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Water Resources Research

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['0043-1397', '1944-7973']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr028249